Uzbekistan
From WaterWiki.net
| Uzbekistan is part of: |
| Asia & Pacific · Central Asia · Europe & CIS · |
| Water Basins of Uzbekistan: |
| Amu Darya · Aral Sea · Ferghana Valley · Syr Darya · Vahksh · Zarafshan · |
| Facts & Figures | edit | ||||||||||||||
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| Capital | Tashkent | ||||||||||||||
| Neighbouring Countries | Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan | ||||||||||||||
| Total Area | 447,400 km2 | ||||||||||||||
| - Water | 22,000 km2 (4.92%) / 492 m2/ha | ||||||||||||||
| - Land | 425,400 km2 | ||||||||||||||
| Coastline | 0 km | ||||||||||||||
| Population | 26,593,120 (59 inhab./km2) | ||||||||||||||
| HDIA | 0.701 (2007) | ||||||||||||||
| Gini CoefficientA | 36.8 (1995) | ||||||||||||||
| Nominal GDPB | $26,620 million | ||||||||||||||
| GDP (PPP) Per CapitaB | $2,700 | ||||||||||||||
| National UN Presence | UNDP, WHO, UNICEF, WB, UNESCO | ||||||||||||||
| Land UseC | |||||||||||||||
| - Cultivated Land | 47,943 km2 (11.27%) | ||||||||||||||
| - Arable | 44,710 km2 (10.51%) | ||||||||||||||
| - Permanent Crops | 3,233 km2 (0.76%) | ||||||||||||||
| - Irrigated | 42,810 km2 | ||||||||||||||
| - Non cultivated | 377,457 km2 (88.73%) | ||||||||||||||
| Average Annual RainfallD | 206 mm | ||||||||||||||
| Renewable Water ResourcesE | 72.2 km3 | ||||||||||||||
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| References & Remarks | |||||||||||||||
| A UNDP Human Development Report | |||||||||||||||
| B CIA World Factbook and Wikipedia | |||||||||||||||
| C CIA World Factbook Country Profiles | |||||||||||||||
| D Aquastat - FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture | |||||||||||||||
| E CIA World Factbook | |||||||||||||||
| F Earthtrends | |||||||||||||||
> Articles | Projects & Case studies | Publications & Web resources | Who is who | Maps
> Sector Assessment | Sector Coordination
- Latest 4 maps for / including Uzbekistan (more..):
News
Country Profile: Climate, Geography, Socio-Economic Context
Uzbekistan is located in Central Asia, bordered by Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east and Kazakhstan to the west and north. The South Aral Sea, which formed in the late 1980s as the main Aral Sea (a saltwater lake) shrank, lies largely in northern Uzbekistan. The population of around 27 million (2007) occupies a land area of 447,400 km². Uzbekistan is a dry country with a continental climate.
Country Profile: Water Bodies and Resources
Water management may be the single most important issue for Uzbekistan. Forty years of poor management now threaten agriculture, soil quality and availability of water for all purposes. The Government faces difficult political choices. Cotton, a significant foreign-exchange earner, consumes more water in irrigation than can be sustained. (See Chapter 10.) Salinity of soil, surface water and groundwater is increasing to unacceptable levels. Run-off from irrigation is negatively affecting the quality of drinking water from the main water streams. Water is becoming scarce for all purposes.
The main sources of water resources are: the AmuDarya with average long-term withdrawal 2,500 mІ/s, the Syr Darya (1,200 mІ/s), the Zarafshan (164 mІ/s), the Kashkadarya (50 mІ/s), the Surhandarya (52 mІ/s), the Ahangaran (23 mІ/s), the Chirchik (22 mІ/s). The Amu Darya has the largest drainage basin, covering 227 thousand kmІ in the mountain region only, with a water volume of 78 kmі per year (average long-term index, stretch - 1,440 km). The Syr Darya with a water collecting area of 150 thousand kmІ, 2 times less in water volume (36 kmі per year) but it exceeds in stretch (2,140 km). Discharges of the both rivers are formed in contiguous countries - Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Annual discharge, formed within the republic, makes up 9% of the total water resources being used for needs of national economy. Forecasting supply of ground water is 19 kmі per year. Over 50% is used as a reliable source of drinking water for population, industrial needs, pasture watering and land irrigation.
Transboundary rivers of the region are impacted by pollution of cattle-breeding, domestic, municipal, industrial sewage and collecting, drainage waters. Polluted sewage from more than 5 thousand water using objects go into surface waterways and make up approximately 20% of total water withdrawal in open reservoirs.
There are two river basins in Uzbekistan that form the Aral Sea basin. In addition to this, there are 94 major aquifers, and sporadic rainfall that is unevenly distributed, occurring mainly in the mountainous regions during the winter months. The water resources that are available are in short supply in much of Uzbekistan.
- Water in Uzbekistan's Economy
In 1994, the agricultural sector contributed some 36 percent to GDP. In 1996, it employed about 33 percent of the total economically active population. The contribution of crop production to GDP was about 20 percent from irrigated crops and 2 percent from rain-fed crops. Cotton, called 'white gold' in Uzbekistan, vegetables and fruits are the country's principal exports. Uzbekistan is one of the world's largest cotton exporters.
Irrigation in Uzbekistan started more than 2,500 years ago in the seven natural oases. At the beginning of the 20th century, about 1.2 million hectares were irrigated in Uzbekistan. Large-scale development started in the late 1950s, when the Soviet Union decided that Uzbekistan should specialize in the production of cotton. Modern irrigation techniques were then developed in the Hunger steppe in the central part of the country. By 1994, irrigation covered almost 4.3 million hectares, or about 82 percent of cultivated land.
Country Profile: Legal and Institutional Environment
The main legislation governing water management is the 1993 Law on Water and Water Use. Uzbekistan is in the process of adopting a series of measures intended to improve water supply so as to promote employment and better living standards. In 2002, Uzbekistan developed the Concept of Sustainable Water Supply of the Regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which sets forth Principal Directions of Water Management and Amelioration Measures for 2008–2011. These directives envisage major improvement in land use through better drainage, an increase in agricultural water supply through modernization of irrigation, and the introduction of integrated water resources management.
Country Profile: Water Sector Coordination
See Sector coordination sub-page for detailed description
Country Profile: Trends in Water Use, Management and Sanitation
During the Soviet period, the sharing of water resources among the five Central Asian republics was based on the master plans for water resources development in the Amu Darya (1987) and Syr Darya (1984) basins. In 1992, with the establishment of the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination, the newly independent republics decided to prepare a regional water strategy while continuing to respect existing principles until the adoption of a new water-sharing agreement in the new water strategy. The surface water resources allocated to Uzbekistan are calculated every year, depending on the climatic situation and existing flows.
Country Profile: Challenges and Opportunities
Articles
- Recently updated articles on Uzbekistan
- Uzbekistan - Support to Water Users Associations (1,227 views) . . WikiBot
- Uzbekistan/publications (176 views) . . WikiBot
- Uzbekistan/Maps (87 views) . . WikiBot
- Uzbekistan/who is who (194 views) . . WikiBot
- Uzbekistan/articles (183 views) . . WikiBot
- Uzbekistan/projects (199 views) . . WikiBot
- Status and importance of water-relevant international legal instruments for the 5 Central Asian countries (1,021 views) . . Katy.norman
- Image:Uzbekistan polMap CIA.jpg (49 views) . . Juerg.staudenmann
- Image:Central Asia Region Map.jpg (173 views) . . Juerg.staudenmann
- Image:Water issues ferghana valley ENVSEC.jpg (142 views) . . Juerg.staudenmann
See the complete list of WaterWiki articles on Uzbekistan
Projects and Case Studies
- Projects in or about Uzbekistan
(this is a list of the 15 most recently updated entries. To see all projects click here)
- Central Asia – Regional and National Water Sector Review (1,497 views) . . Juerg.staudenmann
- Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program – Project 1, Republic of Uzbekistan (125 views) . . Juerg.staudenmann
- Water Flume Metres for Water User Associations (436 views) . . WikiBot
- Water Productivity Improvement at Plot Level (408 views) . . WikiBot
- The Swiss Support to Hydro-meteorological Services in the Aral Sea basin Project (385 views) . . WikiBot
- Rural Enterprise Support Project II (390 views) . . WikiBot
- Regional Rural Water Supply Project (SDC) (367 views) . . WikiBot
- Regional Research Network Water in Central Asia (CAWa) (392 views) . . WikiBot
- Integrated Water Resources Management Ferghana Valley (417 views) . . WikiBot
- Canal Automation in Ferghana Valley (457 views) . . WikiBot
- Aral Sea Basin Capacity Development Project (2,039 views) . . WikiBot
- Water/Energy Dialogue (402 views) . . WikiBot
- Water Sector Investment Planning Study (401 views) . . WikiBot
- Water Governance in Central Asia (589 views) . . WikiBot
- Uzbekistan Water supply and sanitation Project (522 views) . . WikiBot
- Case studies in or about Uzbekistan
(by popularity)
- Uzbekistan - Celebrating Communities (4,101 views) . . WikiBot
- Facing Water Challenges in the Aral Sea, Uzbekistan:A WWDR3 Case Study (2,639 views) . . WikiBot
- Water Conflict and Cooperation/Aral Sea Basin (2,555 views) . . Katy.norman
- Lessons on Cooperation Building to Manage Water Conflicts in the Aral Sea Basin (790 views) . . Katy.norman
See the complete list of WaterWiki documented projects in Uzbekistan
Publications
- 5 most recently updated publications on Uzbekistan
- Politics of Water in Post-Soviet Central Asia (642 views) . . Katy.norman
- UNDP 2003: Water-related legal and institutional structures in Central Asia (542 views) . . WikiBot
- Irrigation and Poverty in Central Asia: A Field Assessment (424 views) . . WikiBot
- Atrof-Muhit Environment Programme Evaluation Report (1,405 views) . . WikiBot
- Water Conflict and Cooperation/Aral Sea Basin (2,555 views) . . Katy.norman
- 5 most popular publications on Uzbekistan
- Water Conflict and Cooperation/Aral Sea Basin (2,555 views) . . Katy.norman
- Atrof-Muhit Environment Programme Evaluation Report (1,405 views) . . WikiBot
- Lessons on Cooperation Building to Manage Water Conflicts in the Aral Sea Basin (790 views) . . Katy.norman
- Politics of Water in Post-Soviet Central Asia (642 views) . . Katy.norman
- UNDP 2003: Water-related legal and institutional structures in Central Asia (542 views) . . WikiBot
See the complete list of WaterWiki documented publications on Uzbekistan
Who is Who
- People working in Uzbekistan
- Siegfried Leffler (1,275 views)
- Vadim Sokolov (1,573 views)
- Christine.roth (2,267 views)
- Christina.carlson (1,738 views)
- Magdalena Banasiak (1,269 views)
- Craig Steffensen (1,235 views)
- Fikret.Akcura (1,179 views)
- Laura.Rio (1,158 views)
- Ulugbek.Dedabaev (924 views)
- Ajiniyaz.Reimov (1,250 views)
See the complete list of Waterwiki users working in Uzbekistan
- Organizations working in Uzbekistan
- Interstate Commission for Water Coordination of Central Asia (144 views) . . WikiBot
See the complete list of WaterWiki documented organizations in Uzbekistan
References
See also
External Resources


